Ruby on Rails 8: Simplifying Sharding with New Methods
Ruby on Rails 8 brings helpful updates for working with sharded databases. The new methods .shard_keys
, .sharded?
, and .connected_to_all_shards
make it easier to manage multiple shards. If you handle sharded data, these tools can streamline your workflow.
How to Use the New Sharding Methods #
Set Up Your Sharded Base Class #
Begin by defining an abstract class that connects to your shards:
class ShardedBase < ActiveRecord::Base
self.abstract_class = true
connects_to shards: {
shard_one: { writing: :shard_one },
shard_two: { writing: :shard_two }
}
end
Here, ShardedBase
connects to two shards: :shard_one
and :shard_two
.
Create a Sharded Model #
Inherit from ShardedBase
to create models that use these shards:
class ShardedModel < ShardedBase
end
Use the New Methods #
Get Shard Keys
Retrieve the list of shard keys:
ShardedModel.shard_keys # => [:shard_one, :shard_two]
Check if a Model is Sharded
Determine if your model uses sharding:
ShardedModel.sharded? # => true
Connect to All Shards
Run code across all shards:
ShardedBase.connected_to_all_shards do ShardedModel.current_shard # Perform actions on all shards end
Practical Use Cases #
1. Running Migrations on All Shards #
Apply migrations or updates across every shard without manual switching:
ShardedBase.connected_to_all_shards do
ActiveRecord::Migrator.migrate("db/migrate/")
end
2. Data Aggregation Across Shards #
Collect and combine data from all shards:
total_users = 0
ShardedBase.connected_to_all_shards do
total_users += ShardedModel.count
end
puts "Total users across all shards: #{total_users}"
3. Conditional Logic Based on Sharding #
Adjust your code if the model is sharded or not:
if ShardedModel.sharded?
# Logic for sharded environment
else
# Logic for single database
end
4. Listing All Shards for Monitoring #
Generate a list of shards for health checks or monitoring:
ShardedModel.shard_keys.each do |shard|
puts "Checking status of #{shard}"
# Add monitoring logic here
end
5. Parallel Processing on Shards #
Improve performance by processing shards in parallel:
threads = []
ShardedModel.shard_keys.each do |shard|
threads << Thread.new do
ShardedBase.connected_to(shard: shard) do
# Perform time-consuming task
end
end
end
threads.each(&:join)
Why This Matters #
Managing multiple database shards can be challenging. These new Rails methods reduce complexity:
.shard_keys
gives you quick access to all shard identifiers..sharded?
lets you write code that adapts if sharding is in use..connected_to_all_shards
allows batch operations across all shards effortlessly.
By using these tools, you save time and write cleaner code. Your applications become more scalable and maintainable.
Give these new methods a try to enhance how you work with sharded databases in Rails!